In their latest report released today Tuesday 9/9/2014 The Global Commission on Drug Policy has called for an official end to the War on Drugs and people who use illicit drugs by UNGASS 2016.
The report is the fourth release from the Commission since its inception in 2011 and is calling for more sane, realistic and human drug policies. Not only does the report detail the overwhelming evidence and failure of Prohibition to attain its stated goals but also identifies the horrific unintended consequences of punitive and prohibitionist laws and policies on individuals, communities, society and the environment.
In order to reduce drug related harms and undermine
the power and profits of organized crime, the Commission recommends that
governments regulate drug markets and adapt their enforcement strategies to target
the most violent and disruptive criminal groups rather than punish low level
players.
Both the stated goals of drug control policies, and the criteria by which such policies are assessed, merit reform. Traditional goals and measures – such as hectares of illicit crops eradicated, amounts of drugs seized, and number of people arrested, prosecuted, convicted and incarcerated for drug law violations – have failed to produce positive outcomes.
More than eighty per cent of the world ́s population carries a huge burden of avoidable pain and suffering with little or no access to such medications. This state of affairs persists despite the fact that the avoidance of ill health and access to essential medicines is a key objective and obligation of the global drug control regime.
Criminalization of drug use and possession has little to no impact on levels of drug use in an open society. Such policies do, however, encourage high risk behaviours such as unsafe injecting, deter people in need of drug treatment from seeking it, divert law enforcement resources from focusing on serious criminality, reduce personal and government funds that might otherwise be available for positive investment in people’s lives, and burden millions with the long-lasting negative consequences of a criminal conviction.
Governments devote ever increasing resources to detecting, arresting and incarcerating people involved in illicit drug markets – with little or no evidence that such efforts reduce drug-related problems or deter others from engaging in similar activities. Community-based and other non-criminal sanctions routinely prove far less expensive, and more effective than criminalisation and incarceration.
Governments need to be far more strategic, anticipating the ways in which particular law enforcement initiatives, particularly militarized ‘crackdowns’, may exacerbate criminal violence and public insecurity without actually deterring drug production, trafficking or consumption. Displacing illicit drug production from one locale to another, or control of a trafficking route from one criminal organization to another, often does more harm than good.
Much can be learned from successes and failures in regulating alcohol, tobacco, pharmaceutical drugs and other products and activities that pose health and other risks to individuals and societies.
The leadership of the UN Secretary-General is essential to ensure that all relevant UN agencies – not just those focused on law enforcement but also health, security, human rights and development – engage fully in a ‘One-UN’ assessment of global drug control strategies. The UN Secretariat should urgently facilitate open discussion including new ideas and recommendations that are grounded in scientific evidence, public health principles, human rights and development.
The report is the fourth release from the Commission since its inception in 2011 and is calling for more sane, realistic and human drug policies. Not only does the report detail the overwhelming evidence and failure of Prohibition to attain its stated goals but also identifies the horrific unintended consequences of punitive and prohibitionist laws and policies on individuals, communities, society and the environment.
"Harsh measures grounded in repressive ideologies must be replaced by more humane and effective policies shaped by scientific evidence, public health principles and human rights standards. This is the only way to simultaneously reduce drug-related death, disease and suffering and the violence, crime, corruption and illicit markets associated with ineffective prohibitionist policies. The fiscal implications of the policies we advocate, it must be stressed, pale in comparison to the direct costs and indirect consequences generated by the current regime."
“The world needs to discuss
new approaches… we are basically still thinking within the same
framework as we have done for the last 40 years … A new approach
should try and take away the violent profit that comes with
drug trafficking… If that means legalizing, and the world thinks
that’s the solution, I will welcome it. I’m not against it.”
Juan Manuel Santos, President
of Colombia.
Below are the five recommended pathways to end Prohibition.
Putting health and community safety first requires a fundamental
reorientation of policy priorities and resources, from failed punitive
enforcement to proven health and social interventions.
Both the stated goals of drug control policies, and the criteria by which such policies are assessed, merit reform. Traditional goals and measures – such as hectares of illicit crops eradicated, amounts of drugs seized, and number of people arrested, prosecuted, convicted and incarcerated for drug law violations – have failed to produce positive outcomes.
Far more important are goals and measures that focus on reducing
both drug-related harms such as fatal overdoses, HIV/ AIDS, hepatitis and other
diseases as well as prohibition-related harms such as crime, violence, corruption,
human rights violations, environmental degradation, displacement of
communities, and the power of criminal organizations. Spending on
counterproductive enforcement measures should be ended, while proven
prevention, harm reduction and treatment measures are scaled up to meet need.
Ensure equitable access to essential medicines, in particular
opiate-based medications for pain.
More than eighty per cent of the world ́s population carries a huge burden of avoidable pain and suffering with little or no access to such medications. This state of affairs persists despite the fact that the avoidance of ill health and access to essential medicines is a key objective and obligation of the global drug control regime.
Governments need to establish clear plans and timelines to
remove the domestic and international obstacles to such provision. They also
should allocate the necessary funding for an international program – to be
overseen by the World Health Organization (WHO) and developed in partnership
with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the International
Narcotics Control Board (INCB) – to ensure equitable and affordable access to
these medicines where they are unavailable.
Stop criminalizing people for drug use and possession – and stop
imposing “compulsory treatment” on people whose only offense is drug use or
possession.
Criminalization of drug use and possession has little to no impact on levels of drug use in an open society. Such policies do, however, encourage high risk behaviours such as unsafe injecting, deter people in need of drug treatment from seeking it, divert law enforcement resources from focusing on serious criminality, reduce personal and government funds that might otherwise be available for positive investment in people’s lives, and burden millions with the long-lasting negative consequences of a criminal conviction.
Using the criminal justice system to force people arrested for
drug possession into ‘treatment’ often does more harm than good. Far better is
ensuring the availability of diverse supportive services in communities. This
recommendation, it should be noted, requires no reform of international drug
control treaties.
Rely on alternatives to incarceration for non-violent, low-level
participants in illicit drug markets such as farmers, couriers and others
involved in the production, transport and sale of illicit drugs.
Governments devote ever increasing resources to detecting, arresting and incarcerating people involved in illicit drug markets – with little or no evidence that such efforts reduce drug-related problems or deter others from engaging in similar activities. Community-based and other non-criminal sanctions routinely prove far less expensive, and more effective than criminalisation and incarceration.
Subsistence farmers and day labourers involved in harvesting,
processing, transporting or trading and who have taken refuge in the illicit
economy purely for reasons of survival should not be subjected to criminal
punishment. Only longer-term socioeconomic development efforts that improve
access to land and jobs, reduce economic inequality and social marginalisation,
and enhance security can offer them a legitimate exit strategy.
Focus on reducing the power of criminal organizations as well as
the violence and insecurity that result from their competition with both one
another and the state.
Governments need to be far more strategic, anticipating the ways in which particular law enforcement initiatives, particularly militarized ‘crackdowns’, may exacerbate criminal violence and public insecurity without actually deterring drug production, trafficking or consumption. Displacing illicit drug production from one locale to another, or control of a trafficking route from one criminal organization to another, often does more harm than good.
The goals of supply-side enforcement need to be reoriented from
unachievable market eradication to achievable reductions in violence and
disruption linked to the trafficking. Enforcement resources should be directed
towards the most disruptive, problematic and violent elements of the trade –
alongside international cooperation o crack-down on corruption and money
laundering. Militarizing anti-drug efforts is seldom effective and often
counterproductive. Greater accountability for human rights abuses committed in
pursuit of drug law enforcement is essential.
Allow and encourage diverse experiments in legally regulating
markets in currently illicit drugs, beginning with but not limited to cannabis,
coca leaf and certain novel psychoactive substances.
Much can be learned from successes and failures in regulating alcohol, tobacco, pharmaceutical drugs and other products and activities that pose health and other risks to individuals and societies.
New experiments are needed in allowing legal but restricted
access to drugs that are now only available illegally. This should include the
expansion of heroin-assisted treatment for some long-term dependent users,
which has proven so effective in Europe and Canada. Ultimately the most
effective way to reduce the extensive harms of the global drug prohibition
regime and advance the goals of public health and safety is to get drugs under
control through responsible legal regulation.
Take advantage of the opportunity presented by the upcoming
UNGASS in 2016 to reform the global drug policy regime.
The leadership of the UN Secretary-General is essential to ensure that all relevant UN agencies – not just those focused on law enforcement but also health, security, human rights and development – engage fully in a ‘One-UN’ assessment of global drug control strategies. The UN Secretariat should urgently facilitate open discussion including new ideas and recommendations that are grounded in scientific evidence, public health principles, human rights and development.
Policy shifts towards harm reduction, ending criminalization of
people who use drugs, proportionality of sentences and alternatives to
incarceration have been successfully defended over the past decades by a
growing number of countries on the basis of the legal latitude allowed under
the UN treaties. Further exploration of flexible interpretations of the drug
treaties is an important objective, but ultimately the global drug control
regime must be reformed to permit responsible legal regulation.
No comments:
Post a Comment